対ドル円160円切りへの期待が高まる

外国為替市場では、円が対ドルで下落している。1ドル=160円台に近づくにつれ、日本政府と日本銀行による介入への市場の警戒感は弱まっている。原油価格の上昇をきっかけとした円安は、「過度な変動」や「無秩序な変動」といった介入の基準を満たしていないとの見方もあり、160円切りへの期待が高まっている。

3月12日、東京外国為替市場で円は対ドルで159円まで下落した。これは1月14日に159.40円まで下落して以来、約1ヶ月ぶりの安値水準であり、年初来安値に迫る水準だった。

円安局面では、政府と日本銀行が為替介入を行うかどうかが市場の最大の焦点となる。 2024年7月、円が1ドル=161.90円付近まで下落した際、当局は円買いによる介入を決定した。市場では、160円台と162円台(介入前の安値水準を上回る水準)が、常に介入の閾値として強く認識されてきた。現在、介入の可能性はあるのだろうか?三菱UFJ信託銀行外国為替部市場業務課長の酒井元成氏は、「たとえ為替レートが1ドル=160円まで下がったとしても、当局は行動を起こさないかもしれない」と述べている。同氏は、介入は過度な円安を抑制するための実際の介入ではなく、口頭での声明にとどまるだろうと考えている。

介入への懸念が予想外に低いのは、現在の円安が介入のルールを満たしていないとの見方に基づいている。2025年9月の日米財務大臣共同声明では、為替介入は「過度かつ無秩序な為替レートの変動に対処するためにのみ用いられるべきである」とされている。

まず、最近の円安は「無秩序な変動」と見なせるだろうか?現在の円売りは、中東情勢の悪化に伴う原油価格の上昇が背景にある。

米国産原油の指標であるWTI原油先物価格は、米国とイスラエルがイランを攻撃する以前と比べて30~40%上昇している。長期化する軍事衝突の脅威は依然として高い。「混乱期にはドルを買う」という論理に加え、エネルギー輸入への依存度が高い日本の貿易赤字が拡大し、実需国による円売りが増加することで、結果として円安がドル高につながるとの見方もある。

アリアンツ・グローバル・インベスターズのステファン・リットナー氏は、「円安はマクロ経済要因によるものであるため、根拠のない下落とは言えず、介入は困難である」と述べている。

さらに、投機活動が円の無秩序な売りを悪化させたと結論づけるのは難しい。米商品先物取引委員会(CFTC)のデータによると、3月3日時点で、ヘッジファンドなどの非商業セクターの円のネットショートポジションは16,575契約と比較的小幅である。

2024年7月の介入時には、投機筋の円のネットショートポジションは18万契約を超え、過去最高を記録した。介入によってこうしたショートポジションが解消され、円安の拡大は阻止された。しかし、現在のネットショートポジションは小幅にとどまっているため、「円売り余地は依然としてあり、実際の介入によって円安が抑制される可能性は低い」(三菱UFJ信託銀行の酒井氏)。

市場が介入の条件として一貫して強調してきた「過度のボラティリティ」も、現状では不適切であるように思われる。マネックス証券のFXアドバイザー、吉田恒雄氏は移動平均線に注目している。吉田氏によると、過去の介入は、円相場が(1)中長期的な価格変動を反映する5年移動平均線から上下20~30%変動し、かつ(2)120日移動平均線から5%以上乖離した場合に実施された。

実際、2022年9月~10月、2024年4月~5月、そして2024年7月の介入はいずれもこの2つの条件を満たしていた。しかし、現在の5年移動平均線は139円で、159円からの乖離は20%未満である。120日移動平均線を見ると、5%乖離は162円であり、したがって「現状は『過度な円安』とは言えない」と吉田氏は述べている。

一部のアナリストは、米国は国内インフレを悪化させる可能性のあるドル安を歓迎しないと考えている。福岡フィナンシャルグループのチーフストラテジスト、佐々木徹氏は、「国際情勢が不安定な状況下では、不必要な措置は予期せぬ結果を招き、米国の支持を得られなくなる可能性がある」と述べた。

中東情勢の不確実性を考慮すると、日本銀行が4月の金融政策決定会合前に利上げに踏み切る確率はわずか60%にとどまる。現在の環境は、利上げまでの時間を稼ぐために為替介入を行うのに適していない。介入は規制に違反するだけでなく、その効果も疑問視されるため、日本銀行が介入しないという見方が強まっている。佐々木氏は、「当初は年末までに1ドル=165円まで下落すると予想していたが、それよりも早くその水準に達する可能性もある」と述べた。

日経225 価格 53819.61

アジア株、再び急落か

レバレッジ型上場投資信託(ETF)への資金流入と株式購入のための借入の増加を受け、中東紛争をきっかけに先週発生したアジア主要株式市場の急落が再び繰り返されるのではないかとの懸念が市場を揺るがしている。

データによると、アジアのレバレッジ型ETFは過去1週間と1ヶ月で純資金流入を記録している。また、先週末時点のデータでは、台湾と韓国の信用取引残高が数十年来の高水準に迫り、日本の信用取引残高は過去最高を記録した。

レバレッジ投資への強い需要が続いていることは、市場に依然として相当量のバブル資金が残っていることを示唆している。一部の投資家は、中東紛争が早期に終結すれば、潜在的な利益を最大化しようと目論んでいる。先週、アジア市場は米国株を大きく下回るパフォーマンスを示したことから、紛争が継続し原油価格が再び上昇した場合、これらの市場は特に脆弱になるだろう。

この期間中、日本に上場しているNEXT FUNDS日経225レバレッジ指数ETFは14億ドルの資金流入を集め、地域内で最大の流入額となった。個別銘柄のレバレッジ型ファンドも多額の資金流入を集めた。香港に上場し、CSOPアセットマネジメントが運用するSKハイニックスとサムスン電子を対象とするETFは、合計11億ドルの資金流入を集めた。

Asian Stocks May Experience Another Plunge

High levels of inflows into leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and borrowing for stock purchases have reignited market concerns that some of Asia’s largest stock markets may repeat last week’s sell-off triggered by the Middle East conflict.

Data shows that leveraged ETFs in Asia have seen net inflows in both the past week and the past month. Data as of the end of last week also showed that margin trading balances in Taiwan and South Korea were near multi-decade highs, while Japan’s figure hit a record high.

The continued strong demand for leveraged bets suggests that a significant amount of bubble money remains in the market. Some bargain hunters are hoping to maximize potential gains if the Middle East conflict ends soon. Given that Asian markets significantly underperformed US stocks last week, these markets will be particularly vulnerable if the conflict continues and oil prices rise again.

During this period, the NEXT FUNDS Nikkei 225(日経225) Leveraged Index ETF listed in Japan attracted $1.4 billion in inflows, the most in the region. Single-stock leveraged funds also attracted substantial inflows. ETFs listed in Hong Kong, managed by CSOP Asset Management, and tracking SK Hynix and Samsung Electronics have attracted a total of $1.1 billion in inflows.

Pond daalt naar laagste punt in 2,5 maand te midden van spanningen in het Midden-Oosten

De GBP/USD daalde naar ongeveer $1,33, het zwakste niveau sinds 9 december, terwijl beleggers de potentiële economische gevolgen van het escalerende conflict in het Midden-Oosten afwogen tegen de stijgende inflatiedruk en de mogelijkheid van een strenger monetair beleid van de Bank of England.

EUR to GBP -koers: 0,8695.

De regionale spanningen liepen op na berichten dat de Amerikaanse president Donald Trump Iraanse Koerdische strijdkrachten in Irak had aangemoedigd om Iran aan te vallen, Azerbeidzjan waarschuwde voor vergeldingsmaatregelen na Iraanse raketaanvallen en Koeweit meldde raketten en drones in zijn luchtruim te onderscheppen.

De daaruit voortvloeiende stijging van de energieprijzen zal naar verwachting de inflatie in heel Europa hoog houden, waardoor de kans op een renteverlaging door de Bank of England kleiner wordt.

De Britse geldmarkten schatten de kans op een renteverlaging deze maand nu op minder dan 20%, een scherpe daling ten opzichte van meer dan 80% vóór het conflict. De Britse rentefutures geven een kans van minder dan 50-50 op een enkele verlaging vóór eind 2026.

Euro daalt naar nieuw laagste punt in drie maanden

De euro daalde verder naar $ 1,156 en bereikte daarmee het laagste niveau sinds eind november, doordat beleggers massaal naar de dollar vluchtten te midden van de escalerende spanningen in het Midden-Oosten. EUR/GBP-koers: 0,8695.

Het conflict escaleerde nadat Israël vrijdag Beiroet aanviel, na een ongekende evacuatie van de gehele zuidelijke buitenwijken van de Libanese hoofdstad. Dit is een aanzienlijke uitbreiding van de oorlog tegen Iran, die een week geleden samen met de VS begon. Ondertussen claimde president Trump een rol te spelen in de keuze van de volgende opperste leider van Iran na de vermeende dood van ayatollah Khamenei.

De stijgende energieprijzen zullen naar verwachting de inflatiedruk in heel Europa hoog houden, wat de verwachting versterkt dat de Europese Centrale Bank een restrictiever monetair beleid zal voeren.

Verschillende ECB-beleidsmakers waarschuwden dat een langdurige oorlog in Iran, waarbij meer landen betrokken raken, de inflatie in de eurozone verder zou kunnen opdrijven en de economische groei zou kunnen afremmen.

De geldmarkten schatten de kans op een renteverhoging in juli momenteel op ongeveer 55% en de kans op een nieuwe verhoging in december op 85%.

Vietnam Promulgates Amendments to Individual Income Tax Law

On December 10, 2025, the National Assembly of Vietnam passed amendments to the Individual Income Tax Law, which will take effect on July 1, 2026.

The specific contents include:

(1) New scope of taxable income: income from the transfer of Vietnam’s national internet domain name “.vn”; income from the transfer of greenhouse gas emission reduction achievements and carbon credits; income from the transfer of digital assets; income from the transfer of gold bars (levied at 0.1% of the transfer price); income from agency, brokerage and business cooperation activities; income from e-commerce and digital platform operation activities;

(2) New types of personal income tax exemption: income from the transfer of emission reduction certificates; income from the first transfer of carbon credits; interest income from green bonds; initial transfer income after the issuance of green bonds; wages and salaries earned from scientific, technological and innovative work; copyright income from work related to science, technology and innovation (and the results of such work have been commercialized); income obtained by individual investors and experts from innovative start-up projects;

(3) Tax exemption for digital talents: high-quality talents in the digital technology industry who meet one of the following conditions can enjoy a 5-year personal income tax exemption on their wages and salaries: Firstly, income from digital technology industry projects within digital technology parks. ; secondly, income from R&D projects and the production of key digital technology products, semiconductor chips, and artificial intelligence systems; thirdly, income from human resource training activities; fourthly, personal income from R&D activities in fields listed in the High-Tech Law or the Strategic Technology List;

(4) Adjusting the taxable income threshold for individual businesses: The threshold for individual income tax for individual businesses is raised from 200 million VND to 500 million VND; those with annual income exceeding 500 million VND but not exceeding 3 billion VND may choose to apply a 15% tax rate; those with annual income exceeding 3 billion VND but not exceeding 50 billion VND are subject to a 17% tax rate; those with annual income exceeding 50 billion VND are subject to a 20% tax rate;

(5) Unified provisions for taxation of capital transfer income for residents and non-residents: For capital transfer income of residents and non-residents, if the purchase price and reasonable expenses related to the capital transfer income can be determined, individual income tax will be levied at 20% of each transfer income; if it cannot be determined, it will be levied at 2% of the transfer price; securities transfer income is taxed at a rate of 0.1%.

Vietnam Passes New Tax Administration Law

On December 10, 2025, the National Assembly of Vietnam passed the Tax Administration Law No. 108/2025/QH15. This law will replace the Tax Administration Law No. 38/2019/QH14 promulgated on June 13, 2019, and the provisions amended and supplemented by Law No. 56/2024/QH15.

Most provisions of the new law will take effect on July 1, 2026. Articles 13 and 26, concerning the declaration, settlement, tax deduction, and use of electronic invoices for businesses and individual merchants, have already taken effect on January 1, 2026.

Main revisions include:

(1) Expanding the scope of taxpayers. Taxpayers include foreign organizations and individuals engaged in business activities or deriving income in Vietnam, as well as foreign organizations and individuals conducting business on e-commerce platforms and other digital platforms;

(2) Strengthening tax administration for e-commerce and digital platforms. E-commerce and digital platform operators are required to collect and pay taxes on behalf of overseas platform merchants. Merchants must independently calculate their income from the production and operation of tax-exempt or non-taxable goods and services in accordance with the regulations on value-added tax and individual income tax, and truthfully declare their annual income to the tax authorities;

(3) Shortening the period for correcting errors in tax returns. The period for taxpayers to correct errors or omissions in their submitted tax return materials after the tax return deadline is shortened from 10 years to 5 years;

(4) Clarifying transitional arrangements. Tax arrears that are not paid by June 30, 2026, will be handled in accordance with the new law; tax exemptions or reductions incurred before July 1, 2026, will continue to be handled in accordance with the old law; tax inspections that have been initiated before July 1, 2026, but for which no conclusion or decision has yet been issued, will continue to be carried out in accordance with the old law.

Guangdong’s GDP to Reach 14.58 Trillion Yuan in 2025

On the morning of January 26, the Fifth Session of the 14th Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress opened at the Century Hall of the Guangzhou Baiyun International Convention Center. At the meeting, Governor Meng Fanli delivered the government work report to the Congress.

The government work report shows that in 2025, Guangdong’s GDP will reach 14.58 trillion yuan, a 3.9% increase, ranking first in the country for the 37th consecutive year. Local general public budget revenue will increase by 3%.

The total value of imports and exports of goods will reach 9.5 trillion yuan, a 4.4% increase, contributing 24.1% of China’s total GDP growth.

International Business News

엔화 강세가 예상될까요?

엔화 환율은 2026년부터 강한 지지선을 형성할 것으로 예상됩니다. 엔화 약세를 막는 요인은 정부와 중앙은행의 환율 개입 우려 외에도 여러 가지가 있습니다.

역사적으로 엔화 환율은 매년 초에 큰 변동을 보이며, 이로 인해 엔화 강세에 대한 추측이 제기되어 왔습니다.

1월 6일 도쿄 외환시장에서 엔화는 달러 대비 156.0~156.5엔까지 상승했는데, 이는 1월 5일 저점보다 약 1엔 높은 수준입니다. 엔화는 2025년 1월 저점인 158.80엔과 160엔 수준까지 횡보세를 유지할 것으로 예상됩니다.

하지만 외환시장 개입에 대한 우려는 여전히 남아 있습니다. 2025년 12월 말, 가타야마 사츠키 일본 재무장관은 블룸버그와의 인터뷰에서 일본이 환율에 개입할 “재량권”을 갖고 있으며, 이를 통해 엔화 약세 추세를 강력하게 억제할 수 있다고 밝혔습니다. 실제 개입 시점에 대해서는 의견이 분분하지만, 일본의 일방적인 추가 엔화 약세는 없을 것으로 예상됩니다. 다이와증권의 타니 에이치로 수석 전략가는 한국 당국의 원화 약세 억제 노력에 주목하고 있습니다.

한국은 12월 이후 “원화의 과도한 약세를 원치 않는다”는 등의 이유로 광범위한 구두 개입을 해왔습니다. 보도에 따르면 국민연금공단(NPS)은 환율 헤징을 통해 원화를 매입하여 환율을 지지해 왔으며, 현재 원화 대비 달러 환율은 12월보다 낮습니다.

원화와 엔화는 달러 대비 유사한 흐름을 보이고 있습니다. 두 통화 모두 투기적 활동에 취약하며, 양국이 관세 협상 과정에서 미국에 대규모 투자를 합의한 상황 등이 그 예입니다. 다이와증권의 타니는 “상황이 비슷한 한국에서 원화 평가절하 반등 모멘텀이 강화되고 있는 가운데, 일본 역시 엔화 평가절하를 바로잡기 위한 노력을 강화할 가능성이 있다”고 말했다.

또한 외환 시장 관계자들은 지난 3년간 연초에 반복적으로 나타나는 엔화 환율 변동 현상을 인지하고 있다.

2023년부터 2025년까지 엔화 환율은 1월에 반전되어 전년과 정반대 방향으로 움직일 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 반전 시점은 매년 다르다. 예를 들어, 2025년에는 일본은행의 1월 금리 인상과 트럼프 미국 대통령의 관세 정책으로 인해 엔화가 연초부터 급등했다.

많은 투자자들이 연말에 일시적으로 포지션을 정리하는 경향이 있다. 미즈호 증권의 외환 전략 책임자인 야마모토 마사후미는 “연초에는 거래 테마가 바뀌는 경향이 있는데, 지난해 말 예상과는 반대로 상황이 계속되고 있다”며, “따라서 1월과 2월이 차기 추세 형성의 출발점이 될 가능성이 높다”고 말했다.

그렇다면 올해 전망은 어떨까요? 한 대형 일본 은행의 외환 브로커는 “다카시무라 정부 하에서 악화되고 있던 재정 상황에 대한 우려가 점차 완화되고 있어 엔화 절상이 주류 시나리오가 될 것으로 개인적으로 생각한다”고 말했다. 시장 추세는 엔화 약세 지속이지만, 그는 “엔화가 더 절하될 것이라고 단정 지을 수는 없다”고 덧붙였다.

미쓰비시 UFJ 신탁은행 외환부 시장영업부장인 사카이 모토시게 역시 “전반적으로 엔화 약세와 경기 침체를 피할 수 없는 상황을 고려할 때, 엔화 환율이 미국 달러 대비 점차 절상으로 전환될 가능성이 있다”고 전망했다. 그는 또한 “일본 정부와 일본은행이 금리 인하에 얽매이지 않고 시장에 개입할 의지를 보이고 있어 현재 엔화를 적극적으로 공매도하기는 어렵다”고 언급했습니다.

환율 변동을 촉발할 수 있는 요인은 다양합니다. 미즈호 리서치 앤 테크놀로지의 수석 이코노미스트인 히가시카제 다케시는 2026년 3월과 4월에 예정된 봄철 노사 협상을 핵심 변수로 꼽으며, “임금 인상 방향이 확정될 경우 엔화는 상승 압력을 받을 것”이라고 분석했습니다.

더불어 미국 금리 추이도 주시해야 합니다. 히가시카제 수석 이코노미스트는 달러당 155엔 환율에서 미국 장기 금리가 1% 변동할 경우 엔화 환율이 약 12엔 정도 변동할 것으로 예상했습니다. 엔-달러 환율은 미국 금리에 매우 민감하며, 미국 금리 변동은 환율 움직임에 큰 영향을 미칩니다.

미쓰비시 UFJ 신탁은행의 사카이는 “이전에는 미국 정부 셧다운으로 정확한 경제 데이터가 부족해 환율이 형성되었지만, 9일에 발표된 12월 미국 고용 데이터를 시작으로 경제 상황을 최종적으로 확정할 수 있게 됐다”고 지적하며, “이 데이터가 엔-달러 환율의 선행지표가 될 수 있을 것”이라고 전망했다.

한편, 미국 상품선물거래위원회(CFTC)는 2025년 12월 30일 기준 헤지펀드를 비롯한 비상업적 부문에서 엔화 포지션을 소폭 순매수했다고 밝혔다. 연말에 이르러 포지션 조정은 대부분 마무리되었고, 투기 세력은 거의 중립적인 수준으로 복귀했다. 이러한 환경은 투자자들이 2026년 추세 변화에 주목하며 움직이기 시작할 수 있는 토대를 제공한다.

China and Russia Reach High-Level Consensus on Japan-Related Issues

Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian held a regular press conference on the 5th. At the conference, a Russian media reporter asked about the consensus reached between Russia and China on issues related to Japan.

Lin Jian: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japan and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union’s Great Patriotic War. The heads of state of both countries attended commemorative activities this year and unanimously agreed to firmly safeguard the achievements of the victory in World War II, resolutely oppose any attempts to rewrite the history of colonial aggression, and send a strong message of upholding justice and fairness.

During the recent China-Russia strategic security consultations, China and Russia conducted strategic alignment on issues related to Japan and reached a high-level consensus. They agreed to firmly safeguard the achievements of the victory in World War II, won with lives and blood, resolutely resist any erroneous words and deeds that attempt to rewrite the history of colonial aggression, resolutely counter any attempts by fascism and Japanese militarism to make a comeback, and shoulder the shared responsibilities of China and Russia as major powers and permanent members of the UN Security Council to safeguard world peace and security, and uphold historical truth and international justice.

China is willing to continue coordinating and cooperating with Russia to resolutely curb the provocative actions of Japan’s far-right forces that undermine regional peace and stability and attempt to remilitarize the region.

source:《International Business News